Chloasma causes hyperpigmentation because the skin's pigment-producing cells are hyperactive and create too much melanin. Although the precise aetiology of chloasma is frequently unknown, there appear to be a number of contributing variables that contribute to its emergence. A positive family history of chloasma, unprotected sun exposure, hormonal changes involving oestrogen and progesterone, such as those caused by pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, or hormone replacement therapy, medications that make the skin more sensitive to sunlight (such as thyroid medications), and having a darker complexion are some of these risk factors. Chloasma manifests as irregularly shaped skin patches with a reticulate or net-like look that are darker in colour than the surrounding skin.
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